Proof of an atomic explosionn, according to the AEC
:
PROOF, according to the Atomic Energy Commission.
Two documentary films describe an earlier uncontrolled atomic explosion in a nuclear reactor. There are many documented accounts of this fatal nuclear reactor prompt criticality. Perhaps it is simpler for non-technical readers to watch these military briefing films. It is easy to ‘cut to the chase’ about why the GammaCam readings are ‘proof positive’ of an uncontained nuclear explosion, ie ‘a smoking gun’. To view a description and explanation of this proof, simply fast-forward the film, to the indicated Elapsed Time (ET) [min:s]
18:46, “Evidence of an uncontrolled chain reaction”
19:18, “Only neutron capture could have transmuted (metals)”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIBQMkd96CA&feature=player_embedded#at=817
http://highpowerrocketry.blogspot.com/2010/11/sl-1-nuclear-reactor-accid...
http://www.inl.gov/proving-the-principle/chapter_15.pdf
http://www.id.doe.gov/foia/archive.htm
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission Idaho Operations Office
The Stationary Low-Power Reactor Number One (SL-1), was a United States Army experimental nuclear power reactor. On January 3, 1961 the reactor was restarted after a shutdown of eleven days. Maintenance procedures commenced, which required the main central control rod to be withdrawn a few inches; at 9:01 p.m. this rod was withdrawn almost to the top of the core, causing SL-1 to go prompt critical. In four milliseconds, the heat generated by the resulting enormous power surge caused water surrounding the core to begin to explosively vaporize. The water vapor caused a pressure wave to strike the top of the reactor vessel. This propelled the control rod and the entire reactor vessel upwards, which killed the operator who had been standing on top of the vessel, leaving him pinned to the ceiling. The other two military personnel, a supervisor and a trainee, were also killed. The victims were Army Specialists John A. Byrnes and Richard L. McKinley and Navy Electrician's Mate Richard C. Legg.
On the night of January 4, a team of six volunteers used a plan involving teams of two to recover the body of Byrnes. Radioactive gold 198Au from the man's brass watch buckle and copper 64Cu from a screw in a cigarette lighter subsequently PROVED that the reactor had indeed gone prompt critical. Up until the recovery of radioisotopes of uranium, fission products, and the radioactive isotopes from the men's belongings, scientists had doubted that a nuclear excursion had occurred, thinking it inherently safe. These findings ruled out early speculations that a chemical explosion caused the accident.


2nd MOX nuclear blast
:(
The Fukushima-3 atomic explosion represents the 2nd time that reactor grade plutonium (MOX) has been the material basis for a nuclear bomb.
http://www.ccnr.org/plute_bomb.html
DOE FACTS
U.S. Department Energy Office of Public Affairs Contact: Sam Grizzle (202) 586-5806
SPECIFICALLY:
A successful test was conducted in 1962, which used reactor-grade plutonium in the nuclear explosive in place of weapon-grade plutonium.
The yield was less than 20 kilotons.
The test confirmed that reactor-grade plutonium could be used to make a nuclear explosive.
The plutonium was provided by the United Kingdom under the 1958 United States/United Kingdom Mutual Defense Agreement.
:(
The Plutonium concentration at Fukishima is WAY TOO LOW
The concentration of Plutonium-239 in spent fuel is WAY TOO LOW. The concentration of Plutonium-239 in MOX fuel is about 7% at beginning of cycle and about 5% at end of cycle:
http://www.world-nuclear.org/info/inf29.html
However, in order to sustain a nuclear explosion, the concentration of Plutonium-239 has to be greater than 14%:
http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1977/7705/770508.PDF
From Page 6:
Materials containing U-235, U-233, and plutonium can be used for making fission explosives only if these isotopes are sufficiently concentrated. For each isotope, a minimum concentration of that isotope in U-238 can be specified, below which the mixture is not usable in a practical nuclear explosive. The minimum concentration for U-235 has been specified at 20 percent (i.e. one part U-235 to 4 parts U-238) for many years. There appears to be no reason to change this...
Detailed calculations show that the above criterion sets the following thresholds for U-235, U-233, and plutonium mixed with U-238...
reactor grade plutonium to U-238 1:6 (i.e. about 14 percent...)
When the AEC did its nuclear test with reactor-grade plutonium, it didn't take spent fuel out of the reactor and directly put it into the test weapon. No - the AEC concentrated the plutonium in the bomb fuel via chemical processing to levels which would support a nuclear explosion.
The fact that a plutonium concentration of less than 14% will NOT give rise to a nuclear explosion is well known in the nuclear weapons and nuclear non-proliferation communities, but evidently Arnie Gunderson is ignorant of this important physics result.
Additionally, just having an explosion in the proximity of the fissile material in not enough to give you a nuclear explosion. The first person to propose implosion-assembled nuclear devices was Seth Neddermeyer at Los Alamos during the Manhattan Project of World War II. However, Neddermeyer discovered via experimentation that just putting explosives around the fissile material was insufficient to get the type of needed compression. The explosion has to be focused with explosive lenses which use 2 different types of explosive with differing detonation velocities:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosive_lens
An explosive lens -- as used for example, in nuclear weapons -- is a highly specialized explosive charge, a special type of a shaped charge...
The story of Neddermeyer and implosion is covered well in Richard Rhodes Pulitzer-Prize winning book, "The Making of the Atomic Bomb", as well as Peter Goodchild's biography of Robert Oppenheimer, "Shatterer of Worlds", which was the basis for the play "Oppenheimer" starring Sam Waterston.
There was NOTHING to shape or lens the hydrogen explosion at Fukushima, and therefore, it COULD NOT trigger a nuclear explosion.
So there was NO nuclear explosion at Fukushima; the fuel was too dilute in Plutonium, and the hydrogen explosion lacked the needed focusing mechanism.
Thank you for $hilling!
> Anonymous, Anonymous, Anonymous
SO. Who to believe? Some random shills called 'Anonymous' who repeatedly deny the very obvious reality and who claim no degrees of any kind, except perhaps in bullshit.
OR the holder of a first class degree in Physics from University College, London. Plus a PhD in Physics. Both of which Professor Christopher Busby has. (*)
Proof to this reader that Anonymous's posts are worthless.
'Anonymous', posting on an 'official' source of (semi-) independent (dis-)information(?). That prefers the ICRP / airplane radiation models to the ECRR model of internal radiation risk. Proof also, to this reader, that all its advice is a) tainted, b) biased and c) not to be trusted in any way whatsoever.
Obviously 'Anonymous' a) doesn't live on the west coast and b) doesn't mind being economical with the truth and c) may well be one of the gazillion $hill minions of the Empire. (*)
$HILLS
When the time comes to get out of the US West coast - when the three melted Fukushima cores hit the water table, (ER, round about _now_?), I sincerely hope that you believe the disinformation crap that you spout and that you and your wives stay put on the west coast. Your children, no. Get them out.
In fact I'd be very happy if you stood on the beach and breathed deeply. The world does not need keyboard corporals in the US Empire $hill force - aka USan psychopath military killers $hilling for the US Empire. One of whom said on Information Clearing House "you have to experience the thrill of your first kill." 'Yay,' for US Empire $hill psychopaths and sociopaths! ... Or not!
(*) The briefest perusal of his web site and videos on youtube should convince most open-minded readers / watchers of his honesty, bona-fides and the accuracy of his information.
Obviously ymmv, particularly in the case of USan mushrooms. - Noam Chomsky on why some people immediately get it, while others have a much harder time. "The Irish Sea is a Chasm (of understanding). It just depends who has been holding the whip for eight hundred years and who has been under it for eight hundred years and the same is true everywhere else in the world." -
- Noam Chomsky @ 51:00 - 'Rebel Without A Pause' - Google Video -
- http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4366784807223792419#
Low Level Radiation Campaign - Professor Chris Busby -
- http://www.llrc.org/
Youtube - filter out 'Fat Fool Radio' disinformation site. ; ) (**) - 'dr. Chris Busby RT -"Alex Jones" site:www.youtube.com' -
Radioactive Baltic Sea Region -
- http://www.youtube.com/user/radioactivebsr
(**) Operation Mockingbird Mk II? Or XXII??? - original -
Operation Mockingbird - Spartacus Schoolnet -
- http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKmockingbird.htm
Operation Mockingbird -
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Mockingbird
The PERTINENT QUESTION...
>SO. Who to believe? Some random shills called 'Anonymous' who repeatedly deny the very obvious reality and who claim no degrees of any kind, except perhaps in bullshit.
OR the holder of a first class degree in Physics from University College, London. Plus a PhD in Physics. Both of which Professor Christopher Busby has.
================
The poster above poses the logically flawed and misleading question that a comparison of the relative expertise of "Anonymous" and Busby is enlightening. That's not the pertinent question at all. The pertinent question is the comparison of the nuclear weapons expertise of Dr. Busby and the source of the information contained in the Princeton document that says the threshold concentration of plutonium in U-238 rules out a nuclear explosion at Fukushima Unit 3.
From Page 6 of the Princeton document at:
http://www.princeton.edu/~ota/disk3/1977/7705/770508.PDF
The source of the threshold information is given in footnote 2 on page 6 as one "Robert W. Selden, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is one of the two nuclear weapons design labs in the USA. LLNL actually designs and used to test the nuclear weapons in the the nuclear stockpile of the USA. Anyone from LLNL must know one hell of a lot more about nuclear weapons and nuclear explosives than Busby, Gunderson, or Kaku.
When it comes to what is or is not possible with nuclear weapons and nuclear explosions, a citation from LLNL sure as hell trumps anything said by Busby, Gunderson, or Kaku.
In so far as a scientific source, Busby, Gunderson, and Kaku are the clear losers in comparison to someone from LLNL.
One knows one has struck a vital organ when some flaming progressive pulls Noam Chomsky out of his left rear pocket.
Poor guy must still be mourning the triumph of capitalism over communism back in the 1980s and how capitalism has consigned communism to the "ash-heap of history".
What genuine scientists are saying about Dr.Busby..
It's instructive to see what genuine scientists are saying about this Dr. Busby. RADSAFE is an online community of scientists and professionals in the field of Health Physics. These scientists have the following to say about Dr. Busby:
http://health.phys.iit.edu/archives/2011-April/031994.html
I think I mentioned to the list that I'm handling all public inquires in Washington State related to Fukushima. Yesterday, I passed 800 calls and e-mails that I have responded to, including several from people who say they read online that the Reactor explosions were "nuclear" explosions (now I read that Dr. Busby is one of those sources); and of course, some people will believe anything they read online, as long as it's NOT from a credible scientist...
Some people just like to stir the pot and are so biased they refuse to look at any objective data or research, and only reference those "studies" that support what they already believe.
I don't know Dr. Busby and have not had the time to follow all the e-mails about all his issues. He may be a wonderful human being, but if he's one of those scaring people with theories about this having been a nuclear detonation, he should be ashamed of himself. The one illness that is likely from this accident will be from the fear factor. Psychosocial illnesses can be severe from this type of thing.
Al Conklin
Lead Trainer and Health Physicist
Radiological Emergency Preparedness Section
Office of Radiation Protection
Department of Health
also
Chris Busby has done a very clever job of manipulating this list while manipulating the world – he now is described as “investigator” who has decreed that Fukushima was a nuclear explosion – Busby may have what is on the face, a very impressive resume, some of which may very well be as made up as this fantasy “nuclear explosion” at Fukushima, but he is still a charlatan and should be ostracized by genuine scientists and those who have an interest in scientific fact.
Roger Helbig
I would agree that someone who holds himself out as an expert, when his statements are disputed by the real experts, should be ashamed of himself. Such a person is a despicable charlatan and should as Roger Helbig states, be ostracized by genuine scientists.
However, having a supposed "expert" or "experts" who is / are nothing but despicable frauds and charlatans is nothing new to the anti-nukes. They will flock to whoever tells them what they want to hear, no matter how outrageous. Such is life for people who think with their politics instead of their brains.
OR the holder of a first
OR the holder of a first class degree in Physics from University College, London. Plus a PhD in Physics. Both of which Professor Christopher Busby has
=========================
Neither of which qualifies Busby as an expert in nuclear weapons and nuclear explosions.
A PhD in Physics is only the starting point for a nuclear weapons scientist. The detailed information on how nuclear weapons and nuclear explosives work can be learned only at one of the laboratories that design nuclear weapons.
Chris Busby is not the
Chris Busby is not the holder of a degree in Physics, he is a chemist.
Deja vous all over again
Chris Busby is not the holder of a degree in Physics, he is a chemist.
===========================
It's deja vous all over again. This reminds me of another incident in the news in the late '80s; namely, when Pons and Fleischman announced they had discovered "Cold Fusion".
Then as now, you have a chemist or chemists that are not well versed in nuclear physics making all sorts of conclusions and proclaiming their conclusions to the world as if they were the Pope speaking ex cathedra.
However, it all turns out that the chemist was venturing into areas of knowledge that he wasn't schooled in, and was much more complex than the chemist realized.
Instead of deja vous, I guess it's deja moo; defined as feeling you've seen this BULL before.
RUBBISH
BUSBY SAYS THERE _WERE_ TWO NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS
> So there was NO nuclear explosion at Fukushima; the fuel was too dilute in Plutonium, and the hydrogen explosion lacked the needed focusing mechanism.
Professor Chris Busby reports that the signatures of two Xenon isotopes were identified at Chernobyl and at Fukushima, proving that the explosions were nuclear in each case.
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ez5asIzR0ZY
If you prefer, you can get the story from 'Fat Fool Radio' - Alex Jones' Infowars. If you can stomach the rubbishing of useful information style. Google is your, ER, enemy, if you can't stand it. ; )
IMMORALITY? OR STUPIDITY?
It is always a mystery why people tell deliberate lies that can so easily be refuted. But, as Johan Galtung says, it may not just be immorality. It could also be stupidity. ; ) -
GALTUNG ON 'PEOPLE POWER' AND THE FALL OF THE OTHER EVIL EMPIRE
AHEM ! - 'If you use violence at someone very very clever at violence and much better equipped than you are it is not necessarily a sign of immorality it could also be a sign of stupidity. Or both. These two categories don't exclude each other.' @6.28
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uIbtvD83EWE#t=04m50s
Professor Chris Busby
Professor Chris Busby reports that the signatures of two Xenon isotopes were identified at Chernobyl and at Fukushima, proving that the explosions were nuclear in each case.
- http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ez5asIzR0ZY
It is always a mystery why people tell deliberate lies that can so easily be refuted.
================================
Busby never "proved" or "documented" anything in that interview. He mentioned isotopes and "material being admitted", but he never mentioned who was collecting and analyzing this material. Does Busby have a lab to do this work, or is he getting his information from some other organization like the CTBT Organization.
How do you know he was basing his conclusions on Xe ratio? I listened very carefully, and Busby never mentioned Xenon once in that interview. Go back and watch the video again.
It is always a mystery why people tell deliberate lies that can so easily be refuted.
I don't see you refuting anything
Your name calling sure hasn't refuted anything.
We have links to reports from Universities, and scientific organizations giving us evidence that the explosions were not nuclear.
You've given no such links to authoritative information, but just to a bunch of political talk.
I'll take the science over the politics any old day as to who is a liar.
Busby or CTBTO
Sure the video shows Busby saying that the isotopic ratios correspond to a nuclear explosion.
However, CTBTO says the same ratios correspond to a reactor accident.
So who are you going to believe?
I will believe the CTBTO. They are not a bunch of media w-h-o-r-e-s like a lot of the other commentators. Busby, Kaku, and Gunderson just want their 15-minutes of fame.
CTBTO has no such motive to gain media attention, so I believe CTBTO.
Who CARES what Busby says.
Who CARES what Busby says, or Arnie Gunderson.
NEITHER Busby nor Gunderson has experience in nuclear weapons!
They are not nuclear weapons scientists, so they don't know much about the detailed physics of nuclear explosions which is hard to come by anyway.
You have to learn to discount the ramblings of media w-h-o-r-e-s that come out of the woodwork to make sensationalized statements and get attention.
Fear & loathing
;)
Perhaps an appropriate time is nearing to discuss WHY the CTBTO is not interested in announcing this nuclear explosion.
There is no rush!
Why are the USA and Europe content to hide this blast?
Why is the MSM willingly playing the fool?
;)
Any Takers?
;)
Are there any 'frequent fliers' that care to lead the discussion?
Why is the CTBTO concealing the blast data for Fukushima-3?
;)
Perhaps it's because they know there was no nuclear explosion.
>>Why is the CTBTO concealing the blast data for Fukushima-3?
The simplest explanation is usually the best. Rather than postulating that the CTBTO is covering up a nuclear explosion at Fukushima, perhaps the simpler explanation is true.
There was no nuclear explosion at Fukushima. CTBTO says its isotopic ratios correspond to the effluent of a damaged reactor. CTBTO is covering up nothing.
I know the truth doesn't sit well with the anti-nukes that are just hoping beyond all reason that the explosion at Unit 3 was a nuclear explosion.
However, I'm not concerned with them. I have no sympathy for people who think with their politics and not with their brains.
How quaint
:
How very odd.
You can hear a pin drop.
The loudest noise on earth is a dead airplane engine.
But this silence ranks 'up there'.
Kinda defeats the purpose of having a CBTO.
Perhaps we should remind them of their JOB-1
:
AT LEAST 1 nuke
:(
Three nuclear reactor buildings sequentially exploded in mid March, 2011. Was there a single atomic bomb at the Fukushima Daiichi electrical power complex, or more? Let’s see how the MOX-fueled nuclear blast at Fukushima-3 compares to the (presumably) more conventional ‘dirty-bomb’ blasts of Fukushima-1 and Fukushima-2.
A nuclear detonation, such as Fukushima-3, displays a wide range of tattletale environment effects including: blast, thermal pulse, neutrons, x-rays, gamma-rays, radiation, electromagnetic pulse (EMP), ionization, ground shock, water shock, blueout, cratering, and and radioactive fallout. It is baby-simple to detect an open blast.
Thus the still undisclosed federal government overlay maps from ‘eye in the sky’ satellites over Japan and other sensors show these characteristics. Post them to the internet, and let’s have a quick look-see.
EMP????
Evidently you don't know that you only get an EMP pulse with a nuclear device when it is exploded high in the atmosphere. You are just plain making stuff up to support your contentions.
From the Federation of American Scientists:
http://www.fas.org/nuke/intro/nuke/emp.htm
A high altitude nuclear detonation produces an immediate flux of gamma rays..
The first recorded EMP incident accompanied a high altitude nuclear test over South Pacific.
You didn't know that the explosion has to be at high altitude in order to give you an EMP. Even if Fukushima had been nuclear, it would not have resulted in an EMP because it is at sea-level. But you didn't know that.
So you just impeached your own post as a fabrication. There was no EMP at Fukushima, as there was also no neutron pulse, and no nuclear explosion
It's amazing how some people have so little regard for truth and honesty, that they lie, make up, and fabricate just to bolster their own ill-considered statements.
Transparent collaborative participatory …
:(
Well now, did ‘Barry’ write another check that he cannot cash? What a CROCK! LOL - ROF - LM ...
“Government should be transparent. Transparency promotes accountability and provides information for citizens about what their Government is doing. Information maintained by the Federal Government is a national asset. My Administration will take appropriate action, consistent with law and policy, to disclose information rapidly in forms that the public can readily find and use.”
http://voices.washingtonpost.com/federal-eye/2009/01/_in_a_move_that.html
http://www.gsa.gov/graphics/admin/GSAOpenGov20100407.pdf
http://open.commerce.gov/book/export/html/107
“Government should be transparent. Transparency promotes accountability and provides information for citizens about what their Government is doing. Information maintained by the Federal Government is a national asset. My Administration will take appropriate action, consistent with law and policy, to disclose information rapidly in forms that the public can readily find and use.”
http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/gsa/transparency_000.pdf
http://www.parlcent.ca/asia/Docs/China/Public%20Participation%20in%20Can...
Oh and Canadians and Australians can join in the laugh..
Pollution cover-ups
:(
Team Obama has been less than forthcoming with Fukushima data.
The lack of candor has been striking.
This deceptiveness unfortunately matches the Obama Gang performance on the BP Macondo fatality and environmental Armageddon.
One does not always expect such deceptiveness and counter-productive behavior from Democrat administrations.
Team Obama has been covering-up for major pollution and gross misconduct by certain favored corporations.
All hail the great
All hail the great corpocracy! Welcome to the new world order, where political ideologies are merely a distraction and just keep us arguing with each other.
Shades of Dick Nixon
:(
We have a 'new' kind of Democrat in the White House ...
The Anti-Environment - Obama
The Anti-Civil Rights - Obama
The Secrecy in Government - Obama
The Cover-up - Obama
The Corporate Puppet - Obama
The Assassinator - Obama
The Anti-Jobs - Obama
The Anti-Human Health - Obama
The Illegal Warlord - Obama
The Bug-Out - Obama
The Propagandist - Obama
...
This loser is as bad as Dick Cheney ... or Dick Nixon. Actually, I liked the old Democrats better ...
It's hard for people to see
It's hard for people to see that Pres O and D Cheney or are just two sides of the same coin. One party may get you to the inevitable end faster than the other, but the end is the same, and it ain't perty. Theives and thugs.
Trot 'em out
:(
Where is the satellite data on Fukushima?
We, the US taxpayer, took lots of lovely pictures, across every spectrum.
It is time to trot them out now.
Let's take a look at the overlays for March 10 - 17.
The lies are thin gruel.
Let's see the facts.
:(
Give it up!
:(
Give it up ... "x" (expletive deleted - by OP)
High altitude US intelligence gathering flights gathered real time air samples and performed spectroscopic analysis.
Unmanned drones flew into the radionuclde clouds.
This nuclear blast did not happen in a vacuum. The atomic explosion did not take place 10,000 feet underground in a specially drilled 'oil-well'. There was no effort made to conceal this blast or to contain the radionuclide release.
Ten thousand feet of steel-cased well-bore, with multiple packers and cement to surface, may prevent a radioactive release into the atmosphere. A General Electric Mark-1 gunnysack, will not contain anything under pressure, much less a fission explosion. This is not a US government sanctioned Shale Oil fracturing attempt. It is an accidental nuclear explosion of MOX fuel in Fukushima-3.
We agree is was a fission
We agree is was a fission explosion, but we disagree that it was accidental.
I do appreciate your posts and contributions. Good stuff.
:( Yes, I consider the
:(
Yes, I consider the Fukushima-3 containment failures to be negligent homicide. There was an accidental component atop of several decades of absolutely gross negligence, lying and stupidity.
It was not, by my lights, a purposeful act.
There are easier and cleaner methods to kill big crowds. Perhaps the simplest available mechanism is smallpox. No one has been vaccinated in 30 years. Every old graveyard on earth contains the active virus. It is just a matter of time.
Jorge Boosh swore that the USA had a hundred million doses. Maybe, maybe not. In any event, by now they have been riffed by the Obama Gang. I would take a smallpos booster shot today, if one was available.
:(
Bring them to Justice
:(
Actions taken by TEPCO, Industry Shills and Japanese politicians, subsequent to the containment failures are, by my lights, committing willful, knowing acts of mass murder. The companies and politicians involved are, again to my viewpoint, committing multiple crimes against humanity. The punishment (hanging) administered to Sadaam Hussein by the Iraqi people would also seem appropriate in this case.
This, being primarily the affairs of a nation/state and its citizens, the rest of the world is at present, only marginally involved. The world has previously executed Japanese war criminals, but that was for acts against the citizens of other nations: Australia, China, Korea, USA, England, France ...
Will it be necessary for the world community to bring these corporate and political nuclear criminals to justice, for acts against the Japanese population? Certainly, they should be subject to arrest if they travel internationally. Perhaps they can 'hole-up' in Japan or the USA, but they should be apprehended if they attempt to enter or travel through any other nation.
Robbed and Poisoned
:(
Ideally, of course, the Japanese citizenry will bring these 'bad-boys' to justice.
It is first and foremost a Japanese problem. Japanese unborn sons are dying in the womb. Honshu Island and the Northwest Pacific are defiled. Japanese food is unsafe, as are the schools. Towns are empty. The Japanese people now live in fear and loathing. They have been lied to, robbed and poisoned.
I expect that they will react dramatically and appropriately, with no outside prompting. We shall see.
Fukushima Criticality A
Fukushima Criticality
A criticality of an amorphous mass of Corium tends to form neutron beams as neutrons are moderated.
Think of the Corium as the flashed ruby crystal in a laser. The path with the highest neutron gain, (one way trip), is the preferred direction for the criticality
Any cross-sectional line that has enough moderated neutron gain along its path will generate a criticality. Some of the critical paths only exist when a portion of the path is submerged under water, the neutrons are too fast to continue the reaction.
As the material that generates the criticality heats up it becomes less dense, and the criticality stops. Or like the natural reactors in Africa, when they got too too hot, the water is evaporated and the reaction stops.
There is also a geometric problem. Picture a critical amount of Corium resting at the bottom of a funnel shape. Each time it goes critical the pieces separate and then slide back together. Some configurations might retain enriched uranium while expelling lighter neutron absorber materials. These reactions could also vaporize certain elements, preferentially.
Neutron Absorption will NOT be uniform. A reactor with fuel containment is predictable. A pile of Corium should never be approached by a person when anything about the Corium is being modified, changed, or moved about. This includes drilling holes, or any direct mechanical action on the Corium. A high neutron gain critical path need only exist for a few seconds to be lethal.
Your Physics is ALL WRONG!!
Think of the Corium as the flashed ruby crystal in a laser. The path with the highest neutron gain, (one way trip), is the preferred direction for the criticality
=================
The laser analogy doesn't work! The stimulated photons in a laser have to be going in the same direction as the parent incident photon.
The daughter neutrons from a fission have no such constraint. The daughter neutrons from fissions are pretty much isotropic - they go in all directions.
Therefore, it's not like a laser at all
The k-effective or criticality of the system is the eigenvalue of the Boltzmann transport equation, and is a scalar It has no directional dependency. Nuclear systems don't go critical in one direction and not in others. They are either critical or not critical. All directions are equal.
The laser analogy doesn't hold water. That's why all this talk of neutron beams is pure rubbish. There are no "beams" in a criticality.
The only way you get neutrons beams is with a research reactor, where you start with a core that has neutrons going in all directions, and you provide a tunnel through the shield. The walls of the tunnel absorb all the neutrons except those that are going straight down the direction of the tunnel.
You start with neutrons of all directions and throw away everything except those in the direction of the reactor's beam tubes.
But you don't get "beams" out of a critical assembly.
WEAK - Very weak
:(
And your corium technical references are ...
And your Corium data sources are ...
And your Fukushima Reactor Corium structure parameters are ...
And the CTBTO investigation findings are located ...
And we can review the TEPCO plant radioactive distribution where ...
Perhaps we can locate all this missing information along with the 143 missing TEPCO workers ...
http://www.japantoday.com/category/national/view/tepco-says-it-has-lost-...
TEPCO says it has lost contact with 143 nuclear plant workers
National Aug. 11, 2011 - 05:41PM JST
It is weak, without a lot of
It is weak, without a lot of long term heating and/or chemical reactions there is not any process for causing the Corium to preferentially differentiate out (and concentrate) the fissile materials. Once the heat from daughter products disappears, there is not any mobility for the elements to differentiate.
Has the Fukushima Reactors shut down? I haven't done a thorough search but I do not see anything that talks about the long term effects of water flowing around/through Corium. Adding the seawater didn't help.
Could the Corium breakdown chemically/mechanically to form grains of fissile material that could be concentrated. If the reactor is still producing heat, and the water is providing mobility to fissile particles, then an unexpected criticality could still be possible. Not very probable, and barely even possible.
It is weak, without long
It is weak, without long term heating and/or chemical reactions there is not any process for causing the Corium to preferentially differentiate out, (and concentrate), the fissile materials. Once the heat from daughter products disappears, there is not any mobility for the elements to differentiate. My Bad
We can hope ...
:(
Let's just say, that we are not presently aware of a physical mechansim for another nuclear explosion at Fukushima. There may be a half-dozen, yet-to-be discovered mechanisms.
I doubt that Murphy has finished teaching us new things that can go wrong. A reduction in energy/power density, especially by removing MOX, would move existing reactors toward increased safety.
The recent trend toward nuclear reactor uprating has proven to be a poor idea. The atomic explosion in Fukushima-3 has made that point perfectly clear. (NIX-2-MOX) Plutonium is such nasty stuff.
In my humble opinion (IMHO), the greatest improvement to nuclear industry safety would be a raft of criminal prosecutions of companies and individuals. Some sense of: honor and/or responsibility and/or scientific integrity and/or morality and/or accuracy and/or candor and/or noblisse oblige and/or social conscience and/or environmental unity, is required when dealing with potentially deadly substances.
Evidently NONE of these commodities is widely prevalent in the nuclear power-plant 'bidness'. Perhaps if the firms, stockholders and lenders are bankrupted and the 'bad boys' are thrown in jail. Perhaps the next group will be made of better stuff. We can hope...
Physicists not only detected
Physicists not only detected evidence of fission neutrons, but also determined the dose received by analyzing the amount of radioactive Zinc in Japanese 5 Yen coins in the pockets of workers exposed in the Tokaimura Criticality Accident in 1999.
It's possible to determine if there was a criticality accident at Fukushima by detecting radioactive Zinc in e.g. galvanized fences, rivets, washers etc.
Masuchika Kohno & Yoshinobu Koizumi, 2000. Tokaimura accident: Neutron dose estimates from 5-yen coins. Nature 406, 693, doi:10.1038/35021138
There was no explosion at
There was no explosion at Tokaimura, though, which points to something some people are finding hard to understand, this is, that criticality accident and nuclear explosion are not synonymous.
--- BUSTED ---
:
It is easy to detonate a purely nuclear explosion by fission, fusion or both. The characteristics of the blast can be adjusted with design changes. For example, bomb can have enhanced Gamma radiation or enhanced radionuclide production. Nuclear blasts can expand outward like a round ball or a flat frisbee or it can be aimed like a laser pointer. It is just a matter of how the bomb materials are stacked into the can.
To a large extent this is 'cook-book' stuff. You just follow the recipe and bang.
But with industrial accidents, there are lots of extra things going on. There are lots of other materials arround, so the blast is not as simple. A nuclear reactor may be full of water, so you can have a steam explosion that is 'set-off' by a nuclear excursion. Or you can have a criticality excursion that is prevented from exploding or even over-heating.
Some liar, miscalculating engineer or scared industry executive may say that it cannot happen, but it has just happened in Fukushima. We are staring at the proof.
It is already perfectly clear what went wrong and how it went wrong. The governments and companies just don't want to disclose the exact sequence of how it went BOOM! They also are afraid to publish the parameters of the blast and the distribution of the mess they have made.
They are little different than a 4-year-old that has knocked over a lamp. Mom heard the crash and is staring at the kid and the lamp.
------- BUSTED ---------
Are you saying pure fusion is easy??
>>It is easy to detonate a purely nuclear explosion by fission, fusion or both.
I interpret your statement above to say that pure fission explosion is easy, pure fusion explosion is easy, and fission and fusion explosions are easy.
I wouldn't call them "easy" - but the first and third have been accomplished.
However, contrary to your contention that pure fusion is "easy"; it has not been done:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_fusion_weapon
A pure fusion weapon is a hypothetical hydrogen bomb design that does not need a fission "primary" explosive to ignite the fusion ...
Despite the many millions of dollars spent by the U.S. between 1952 and 1992 to produce a pure fusion weapon, no measurable success was ever achieved. In 1998, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) released a restricted data declassification decision stating that even if the DOE made a substantial investment in the past to develop a pure fusion weapon, "the U.S. Is not known to have and is not developing a pure fusion weapon and no credible design for a pure fusion weapon resulted from the DOE investment".
It's never been done; but you say it is "easy".
------- 007 --------
;)
This little physics lesson was included in a 1964 James Bond movie. ‘Goldfinger’ used induced radiation in the plot. James Bond uncovers Auric Goldfinger's plans to attack the United States Bullion Depository at Fort Knox with a small nuclear bomb. The "nuclear device" as Goldfinger puts it, is set to explode inside Fort Knox making the entire gold supply radioactive for 58 years.
http://www.universalexports.net/Movies/goldfinger-gadgets.shtml
Gadget: Nuclear Bomb
Status: Disarmed
Description:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KdQoSK9wibU
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldfinger_(film)
Why would a nuclear
Why would a nuclear explosion at reactor No. 3 explain the high levels of radiation detected on a pipe that connects reactor No. 1 and No. 2?
At Least One
:(
--- Maybe MORE than one ---
Induced radiation, anywhere on the campus of the Fukushima nuclear generation constitutes a sentinel event. Radioactivity in previously inert materials such as SA-517 grade 70 carbon steel, and/or concrete blocks proves that at least one criticality excusion occured. They let the genie out of the bottle and it is too late to stuff him back in.
There was an atomic explosion at the Fukushima power plant. Building-3 is a likely suspect.
Induced radiation ‘sticks out like a sore thumb’, or a miscellaneous dead body.
http://www.health.vic.gov.au/clinrisk/sentinel/ser.htm
http://www.co.muskegon.mi.us/cmh/providermanual/section3/04-024-C.pdf
The mainstream media: NBC, CBS, ABC, FOX, PBS, BBC, CNN, Times, NYTimes … can continue to play the fool. Their naiveté (or complicity) is of little concern to me. There was at least one nuclear explosion at Fukushima. Perhaps there were more.
BOOM
?
Or was it ...
BOOM BOOM BOOM
?
Smoking Gun
:
This GammaCAM Image is direct evidence (proof) that there was an atomic explosion at the Fukushima nuclear power plant. The Gamma Radiation photo shows the radioactive hot spots in the structural metal. This is direct evidence of a nuclear explosion at the Fukushima Daiichi plant.
The image was taken by TEPCO and given to Reuters ... and presumably every other credentialled reporter at the press conference.
http://af.reuters.com/resources/r/?m=02&d=20110802&t=2&i=471072172&w=450...
TEPCO via Reuters (pb-110802-fukushima-da_grid-7x2)
An image taken by a gamma ray camera showing the bottom of a ventilation stack where radiation exceeding 10 sieverts per hour - seen here in red - was recorded.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43982727/ns/world_news-asia_pacific/
http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE7710XF20110802
The earlier TEPCO disclosure of a 1[Sv/hr] cement block 'let the cat out of the bag'. The photo is confirmation.
The gamma camera images are
The gamma camera images are NOT the hallmark of a nuclear explosion. One would expect widespread activation of the materials if exposed to a nuclear explosion. The localized nature of the radiation in the images is the hallmark of local deposition of radioactive material from the hydrogen explosion. No "smoking gun" there.
Shill Alert
:(
!!! --- SHILL ALERT --- !!!
The GammaCam is clearly pointed at the 'HOT' Structural Steel, presumably (517 grade 70 carbon steel).
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/43982727/ns/world_news-asia_pacific/
http://af.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idAFTRE7710XF20110802
Death in seconds: Radiation pockets found at Fukushima plant
The company used equipment to measure radiation from a distance and was unable to ascertain the exact level because the device's maximum reading is 10 sieverts.
TEPCO via Reuters (pb-110802-fukushima-da_grid-7x2)
An image taken by a gamma ray camera showing the bottom of a ventilation stack where radiation exceeding 10 sieverts per hour - seen here in red - was recorded.msnbc.com news services
www.GammaCamNow.com
:(
Not a smoking gun
I would have to agree with the poster that claimed the image is not evidence of a nuclear explosion. One has to be mindful that the gamma rays can penetrate the steel.
Consider the following analogy. We have a decorative candle consisting of a clear glass cylinder that is partially filled with wax and a wick, which is lit. We take a picture of this lit candle. Someone tells us that the soft glow seen in the picture comes from the flame where molten wax is being combusted.
A second person comes in and says, "Shill Alert! Shill Alert. The camera was clearly pointed at the HOT glass. The glow is due to hot glowing glass"
BZZZT WRONG!!!
The first person is clearly correct, the source of the glow is, of course, the candle's flame. The light from this flame passes through the clear glass. Even though the camera is aimed at the glass cylinder, it is seeing
the light from the flame beyond.
The picture clearly shows two localized "hot spots", which are most likely due to some radioactive material, dispersed by either by the venting or the explosion, so that this radioactive material now sits in the bottom of the hollow vertical stack, and the gamma camera sees the gamma shine of this material since the metal of the stack is transparent to gammas.
This is also the opinion of University of Michigan Professor Gary Was,
Associate Dean of Engineering for Research, and formerly Chairman of the Nuclear Engineering Dept. at University of Michigan:
http://news.discovery.com/earth/hot-spots-of-radiation-raise-risk-in-fuk...
Nuclear engineer Gary Was of the University of Michigan told CNN that the gamma-ray camera should help identify if radioactivity resulted from reactor waste products, bits of nuclear fuel or both. He suggested that the location of the hot spot at the base of the emergency ventilation shaft makes it likely that the radioactive material came from air and steam released to relieve pressure inside the reactors during the meltdowns and channeled through the air system filters.
If there had been a nuclear explosion, then the area in view of the photo would have been flooded with neutrons. Those neutrons would have activated all the metal in the vent stack, and not just two "hot spots". We should see all that metal glowing red in a gamma camera picture. The fact that 99.9999% of the metal is not glowing red is powerful evidence that a nuclear explosion did NOT occur.
It's manifestly lame logic in the extreme to see two isolated hot spots and conclude that a nuclear explosion took place nearby.
I think we can figure out who the real shills are around here, and which side they are shilling for.
Laughable
I am tepid supporter of nuclear power generation. That does NOT imply any willingness to 'buy-in' to this cover-up malarky. TEPCO is dangerous pack of liars. They and the manufacturers of the reactors, fuel, controls, containment, vents and tsunami barriers really screwed this up big time.
Excellent analogy
Excellent analogy!!!
Even the anti-nukes should be able to understand that one.
Or maybe not....