Comparing TYPES of radiation

Radiation from a cross-country flight is not something we ingest. If iodine isotopes have an 8-day 1/2-life externally, and ingested a 100 day 1/2-life, then how can radioactive contamination on food be compared accurately to something we actually know of (such as cosmic radiation, which is never ON us or IN us)... can an expert please shed some light on this? What about our beef? Is it just that we honestly do not know the effects of eating long-term low-radiation doses that will build up in our systems?