Plume Trajectory Models From Germany

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German to English translation
The events in the Japanese nuclear power plant Fukushima have a release of radioactive substances into the atmosphere result. These are transported in the atmosphere and can, despite their dilution during transport, backed up by sensitive instruments in several thousand kilometers away.

Trace analysis of four German track monitoring stations: measurement of released iodine-131 and cesium-137
Trace measurements on airborne dust are a part of the integrated measurement and Informationsssystems IMIS. For this purpose, operate the BfS, the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the German Weather Service (DWD), air dust collector to a total of 43 sampling locations. Four of these collectors have a high rate of air flow, so that a large sample volume and thus achieve a sensitive detection of artificial radionuclides is possible.

If the stations are

Schauinsland / Freiburg (BfS)
Braunschweig (PTB),
Potsdam (DWD),
Offenbach (DWD).

The DWD still has another 39 gauge measuring points, BfS and DWD, agree on the sampling cycle.

BfS has for the field of trace analysis, the function of the control center that combines, among other things, the resulting data, evaluate and manage reporting.

Figures 1 and 2 show the time course of activity at concentrations of iodine-131 and cesium-137 in the four German gauge measuring points. The values ??show strong fluctuations, which demonstrates the multiple drafts of the various air masses over Germany. The observed at the individual measuring points trace values ??depend on the particular weather situation, as, for example, rain, the activity concentration in the air reduced by washing.

An evaluation of the results, see the article "Recent readings on the BfS for atmospheric radioactivity.

Worldwide network of Radionuklidmessstationen
The International Organization for monitoring the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization, CTBTO) has a worldwide network of 60 in-service Radionuklidmessstationen, which can prove to airborne particulate-bound radionuclides. In addition, 27 of these stations with systems to measure radioactive xenon (Xenon-133) are equipped. At full extension, the network operated 80 Radionuklidmessstationen world.

Radioactive xenon is a noble gas, shall be deposited in contrast to iodine-131 either on the ground or get it in food and is therefore relevant to the radiation protection comparatively insignificant. However, it is one of those radioactive materials which escape when released, for example, from nuclear power plants or isotope production equipment for medical applications very quickly. Xenon is not washed from the atmosphere by rain and can be easily transported over long distances.

BfS, together with the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) of Germany as the national data center and evaluated the data from the monitoring network of the CTBTO.

The monitoring stations of the CTBTO do not aim for the fastest possible detection of radioactivity, but are designed to be able to show the smallest traces of artificial radioactivity. Used for this purpose by the time-consuming process, the results are the first with a time lag of about three days after the end of the sampling period.

Animated map shows radioactivity monitoring network
The animated map (Figure 3) shows the radioactivity monitoring network of the CTBTO and the timing for the first few weeks after the event in Japan, were detected in which artificial radionuclides from Fukushima to the stations. The stations are located at the points marked on the map brown. A surrounding brown square marks the places where additional radioactive xenon can be measured.

Stations, which were detected at the relevant time artificial radionuclides are marked by a yellow point or a yellow square in the detection of radioactive xenon. A subsequent decrease in the radioactivity concentration at this station below the detection limit is marked by a green coloration.

The animation shows how the radioactive materials have spread to the west winds within three weeks for almost the entire northern hemisphere. It is also clear that was detected in the southern hemisphere in the same period, no artificial radioactivity from Fukushima. This can be explained by the known, very low exchange of air masses across the equator.

Time course of activity concentrations of iodine-131 and cesium-137
Figures 4 and 5 show the time course of activity concentrations of iodine-131 and cesium-137 in the air at selected stations of the monitoring network:

Takasaki only about 200 km south-west of the reactor, Fukushima I,
Hawaii in the Pacific,
Sacramento on the west coast and Charlottesville on the East Coast of the USA,
Iceland and São Miguel (Azores) in the Atlantic and
the Schauinsland near Freiburg, Stockholm and Dubna (West Russia) on the European mainland.
One can clearly see the dilution effect with increasing distance from the origin. Because of the consequent extreme differences in the demonstrated activity concentrations measured values ??are logarithmic.
Due to the prevailing wind direction during the first few days the first occurrence of iodine-131 on the Russian station Petropavlovsk was measured. was at the Japanese Takasaki Station from 15 March 2011 radioactive iodine registered, because of power outages, the data quality but not enough to make quantitative data for that day.