Thoughts on radioactive bombardment.

While there seems to be no end in sight for Japan's nuclear crisis the EPA has released only one statement since last week's claim that "Radiation monitors confirm that no radiation levels of concern have reached the United States." The following excerpts from the EPA's website are dated March 22nd "EPA’s RadNet filter results for San Francisco, Seattle, Riverside and Anaheim, California detected minuscule quantities of iodine isotopes and other radioactive particles that pose no health concern at the detected levels." "All of the radiation levels detected during the detailed filter analysis are hundreds of thousands to millions of times below levels of concern." This is the most recent message we've gotten from the EPA which is based on readings taken on or before March 18th. The radiation that UCB has been monitoring in rain water has spiked since then, yet we have yet to receive any further information from government agencies.

While UCB Dept of Nuclear Engineering is doing a great job of evaluating rain and air samples they have been qualifying their results with assurances that the Bay Area's levels of radiation are below the exposure received during plane flights or x-rays. I would ask how we can correlate the exposure we receive from a plane flight or an x-ray with the Cesium raining down on us in the Bay Area when Cesium is a product of nuclear fission and not present in air travel or medical procedures. Medical researchers have some knowledge of how Cesium affects us in the short term (smaller amounts may cause infertility and cancer), but no studies have definitively concluded what low, prolonged doses of Cesium does in the human body, therefore we can't really say we are getting a "safe" dose of Cesium in our rain water. With Cesium’s half life of 30 years, Californians my age will be ingesting this product of the Fukushima disaster for the rest of our lives. And Cesium is not the only toxic compound being found in Bay Area air and rain water. What happens years hence when these cancer causing compounds continue to leech into our tap water and food chain? No one has addressed these questions in the media.

The EPA, CDC and the California Dept of Public Health continue to make vague assurances that the radiation reaching the West Coast poses "insignificant" health risks. The "elephant in the room" is the fact that we've been getting a huge amount of rain in Northern California in the past couple of weeks which most certainly contains elements released from the continuing Fukushima disaster.

There seems to be no end in sight of the radiation spewing from the crippled reactors. We are putting a lot of trust in our government to accept their vague assurances that our health is not at risk. The fact is we have no idea what the intake of low levels of radioactive particles will do to us and our children over time. If we could have some real data accompanied by thoughtful analysis we could at least make up our own minds how to protect ourselves and our children.

The US should be far more forceful in demanding information and action from the Japanese. While we all feel deeply for the horrific loss our neighbors have endured but we must demand far more information than we've received so far. As of today, March 26th, there's rumors Tepco plans on "salvaging" or at least keeping the reactors running for a time, but if they need to be entombed to stop the continuous plume blowing toward the West Coast then that's what we should demand. And we need to be trusted with more detailed news than we are getting. Avoiding a panic is not worth sacrificing the truth.

I agree with your sentiment

I agree with your sentiment that the hideous attitude of the EPA and DOE is unacceptable. I think your (and my) problem is that the vast majority of US citizens is very complacent, much more so than Europeans who, especially given the traumatic experience of Chernobyl, would have long been on the streets protesting against the insanity that's going on here. It's simply ridiculous.

>> While UCB Dept of Nuclear

>> While UCB Dept of Nuclear Engineering is doing a great job of evaluating rain and air samples they have been qualifying their results with assurances that the Bay Area's levels of radiation are below the exposure received during plane flights or x-rays. I would ask how we can correlate the exposure we receive from a plane flight or an x-ray with the Cesium raining down on us in the Bay Area when Cesium is a product of nuclear fission and not present in air travel or medical procedures.

We are not correlating exposure but rather effective biological dose. This dose calculation we perform relies on the cumulative experience we have to date with relatively high levels of exposure to ionizing radiation and takes into account ingestion, biological half-life, etc. While the effects of whole-body exposure (medical x-ray or plane flight) will be different than ingesting a certain radioactive nuclide, the effective dose essentially equalizes the biological effect so that the same effective dose of an ingested nuclide or whole body exposure results in the same probability of adverse health effects. You are correct that we have no evidence that long term, low-dose of radiation exposure causes (or does not cause) adverse health effects. What we know is that we are all exposed to natural radiation over the entire course of our lives at a rate of ~400 mrem (4mSv) per year. If I move to Idaho, the exposure is 600 mrem, if I live at sea level it is more like 200 mrem. I ask a simple question and I invite others to try and answer it, (because I have tried myself): One would think that with this rather large cumulative difference in natural exposure to ionizing radiation across the U.S., that this would show up in the CDC tabulation of cancer incident rates (this is a substantial data set and available online). Now, the amount of biological dose one expects from this event is somewhere on the order of 1 mrem and that is probably conservative. That is 0.25% of the range of natural dose across the U.S., in which we do not see any evidence in correlated incident cancer rates.

I am not saying the risk is zero. But, the proper context is necessary for evaluating these numbers and this is what our group has tried to do by comparing the dose to something we all think is very, very safe, namely flying in an airplane. A single plane flight across the country is ~3mrem. This is also not zero risk as there is some probability of adverse health risk from this. Further, for the last few years we have seen the increase in full-body CT scans as a "preventative" diagnostic tool. This procedure exposes the otherwise healthy patient to 500-1000 mrem depending on the technology. Of course, these risks pale in comparison with driving in a car, (or texting while driving in a car).

If one of the reactor

If one of the reactor vessels at Fukushima has a sudden large rupture in mid-April, how much money would we have to raise to get you guys to keep monitoring into May?

High levels of radiation exceeding 1,000 millisieverts per hour have been detected in water in a trench outside the No. 2 reactor's building at the troubled Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant, with the contaminated water suspected to have come from the reactor's core, where fuel rods have partially melted, authorities said Monday.

http://english.kyodonews.jp/news/2011/03/81572.html

Keep up the good work.

I have come across numerous

I have come across numerous respectable data points which suggest "the effective dose essentially equalizes the biological effect" is a point of contention within the body of experts who specialize in the field of radionuclide exposures. Although it appears that such an approach is widely accepted as a "simple" and "useful" even "standard" means of comparing things, there seems to be significant recognition that such an approach is not truly accurate or adequate especially when fundamentally different exposures (purely external whole body vs internal with tissue concentration and highly localized/focused damage) are involved.

I think it is a mistake to assume, or believe without extensive research on the subject, that these single number effective dose comparisons are truly representative of risks. Once inside, each radionuclide interacts with the body in a unique way... some concentrate some don't... some are regulated/flushed by the body and some aren't... some are just radiologically toxic and some are both radiologically and chemically toxic. The risks from simultaneous exposure to multiple radionuclides can't be assumed to be the sum of the risks of exposure from each one.

I hope everyone including you dchivers will consider and research this subject and then adjust their interpretations as they feel appropriate.

Thanks to you and your associates for carrying out this effort, sharing your results, and providing a forum to discuss the subject.

A mistake doesn't even begin

A mistake doesn't even begin to cover it. This is an unacceptable means of regarding the issue of radiation effects. Bottom line. There are significant factors that are not being considered as part of the equation. It is nothing less than intentionally misleading to base the dangers posed with the one measurement that is being evaluated. It is reprehensible.

I agree 100%. We need to

I agree 100%. We need to start demanding to see the data that the EPA and DOE are receiving, as they are not voluntarily releasing it. I would be especially interested in mass spectrometer analysis looking for alpha emitting particles. As discussed previously UCB does not have access to the necessary equipment to make these measurements. Alpha emitting particles include some of the most dangerous elements being released right now.

Fcats

Okay heres what I know so far.

Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) This is home of technology that alerted the Japanese giving them a 20 second warning of EQ. Their radiation monitoring equipment(bomb sniffer). Shares their data with many countries, USA included.So I think they are pretty reliable.

http://www.ctbto.org/

Readings for CA were known 3/16/2011

I have found the CTBTO sent the radiation data to Austrian Meteorological and Geological Research Center and in an update on the ZANG website it is stated: Austrian states that readings for CA were known 3/16/2011. And the readings were for Cesium 137 and Iodide 131. Per Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty Organization data.On website is a daily update for Fukushima, go to 3/19/2011 and it is on that page. Translate to German

Radiation data / CTBTO
After the station Petropavlovsk in Russia reached the radiation cloud, the CTBTO Station ,SACRAMENTO,California.

There, on 16 3. including Cesium-137 and iodine-131 is detected, it is much more to Review-No Report.

The concentrations of iodine-131 were lower by about five orders of magnitude than in Takasaki. A health relevance exists.

http://www.zamg.ac.at/aktuell/index.php?seite=1&artikel=ZAMG_2011-03-17G...

Now, that proves that the EPA already had the data. If a meteorologist in Germany had it on the 16th, then we did too.

Iodine-131: 2.4 million curies
Cesium-134/137: 0.5 million curies

The official U.S. report for Three Mile Island releases:
Iodine-131: approx. 15 curies
Cesium-134/137: none

Why would they w/hold and lie about this?

Do you mean why would the

Do you mean why would the EPA have withheld that data... why didn't they *voluntarily* announce on the 16th or 17th or 18th that fallout had been detected? Darn good question!

What *seems* to have happened is on the 18th a foreign diplomat with access to CTBTO data told the Associated Press that fallout had been detected in the US and then the Associated Press asked the EPA about that. The EPA confirmed it and issued a statement which also mentioned detections on the 16th and 17th:

http://yosemite.epa.gov/opa/admpress.nsf/0/A765BAE82E458D3485257857007373A5

Although that release is available at the EPA site, here is their daily update page:

EPA Daily Data Summary

Does that look like a legitimate attempt to communicate what has been detected? Perhaps there should be something there for the 16th, 17th, and 18th?

Unfortunately, I don't think the EPA *wants* to report detections. Unfortunately, we must rely on information from foreign sources and those who undertake monitoring efforts on their own.

I don't think they want to

I don't think they want to either and any possible realistic motive for that are not looking very good imho. I have tried to think of what good cause they could possibly have for the way they are handling this,the lack of effort at public reassurance. None come to mind

I feel this is a direct violation of our civil rights and reasonable expectations to information that affects our safety and health.

When it comes to exposure to

When it comes to exposure to alpha emitters, the most dangerous facilities are coal-fired plants. These plants emit literally tons of uranium and thorium and their decay daughters (natural elements) that become concentrated in the ash waste. The radiation exposure from these facilities to humans are many factors of 10 greater than nuclear facilities. What we are seeing from Japan is a short term dose of low-level radiation (mostly gamma and beta emitters), but if someone ran the numbers, I would guess that the total exposure to radiation from coal-fired plants dominate. This is an invite for someone to work this out.

Here is a place to start: Coal Ash Is More Radioactive than Nuclear Waste

Now I'm regretting starting

Now I'm regretting starting this thread. I was blissfully ignorant of the Cesium in Coal Ash before. I have a feeling I'm going to give myself a heart attack with stress hormones long before I get cancer from Fukushima spew. Seriously though, the discussion of this thread is very interesting and if I were to latch onto the positive, I am becoming much more of an advocate for our environment. Hopefully the debate ignited by this disaster will have the positive byproduct of spreading interest in renewable energy.

Good point. Perhaps a

Good point. Perhaps a greater worry should be the pollution clouds that blow over from China, which have been increasing in magnitude for years with no end in sight.
http://pubs.acs.org/cen/news/88/i46/8846news3.html?utm_source=feedburner...

www.atsdr.cdc.gov...Cesium - Potential for human exposure

Section 6.2.1 mentions coal burning plants, "stable" Cesium, and concentrations. There is a sentence regarding the "routine" release of Cs137 and Cs134 into the environment on page 135. And a chart of Radiocesium releases from nuclear plants in '93.

http://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/ToxProfiles/tp157-c6.pdf

So-- Abuse Y is OK because

So-- Abuse Y is OK because Abuse X is happening every day already.

Next you have Abuse Z being OK because of Abuses Y and X.

When and where does it end?